EL EXISTENCIALISMO ES UN HUMANISMO. Jean Paul Sartre

EL EXISTENCIALISMO ES UN HUMANISMO
Jean Paul Sartre
Traducción: Victoria Prati de Fernández
Edhasa

Quisiera defender aquí al existencialismo de una serie de reproches que se le han hecho. Así empieza el libro que, como tiene un fin aclaratorio, concreta y explica de manera totalmente eficaz los temas fundamentales del movimiento existencialista en los años cuarenta, recién terminada la guerra.

El concepto de libertad está siendo peligrosamente olvidado. Ha pasado de ser una idea manida que apenas tenía ya significado a directamente innombrable. Más o o menos está a la altura de amor o verdad. Ahora entramos en el momento de «sentido común», «asamblea» o «civilización». Es el tono de las ideologías de un lado y de otro esperando entrada. En este libro, Sartre se defiende de cristianos y marxistas, de alguna manera se explica, quiere dejar claro por qué no pertenece a ningún grupo de los que, digamos, tienen como objetivo salvar la humanidad.

Ahora mismo hay una sensación de cambio, de que por fin la fiera del capitalismo salvaje resopla en un callejón, pero ¿estamos preparados para crear nuevos cauces que de verdad nos lleven a una vida más humana? Si hemos perdido décadas consumiendo, quizás no tengamos la autonomía suficiente para poder hacerlo. ¿Quién se siente libre o creativo? Todavía la creatividad se entiende como un adjetivo , algo que si se tiene, mejora la calidad de vida. Para llegar a entender que el cambio sólo puede ocurrir cuando los seres humanos tengan claras sus aspiraciones, quizás haya que darle una vuelta a qué es el ser humano.

Por eso traigo a Sartre y su defensa centrada en explicar cómo la postura existencialista no es ni una forma de negar el humanismo, ni una máquina de crear seres tristes y con poca sensibilidad hacia los demás ni una actitud estática ante el mundo. El existencialismo se plantea a sí mismo como una toma de conciencia del ser humano como libre y obligado por esa libertad fundamental a inventarse, pero de tal manera, que al inventarse a sí mismo inventa la humanidad. De ahí la defensa radical de la acción. El mero hecho de no elegir nada, es una elección, una forma de participar en la definición de la humanidad. No admite el determinismo ni la causalidad, el cobarde no nace cobarde y no existe ninguna causa que anule la libertad. Tanto en el arte como en la moralidad hay creación e invención.

Y como el libro es corto y fácil de leer, si alguien quiere seguir con el tema, puede entrar en ¿Qué es Literatura?, también de Sartre donde defiende a los narradores que despiertan la conciencia reflexiva y hace una crítica salvaje a los escritores que cuentan lo que la clase acomodada quiere escuchar o simplemente los distrae. (Tema muy actual).

El libro es fácil de leer, también es fácil de encontrar porque lo dejo en PDF.

El existencialismo es un humanismo (PDF)

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